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San Clemente Island (SCI) is the southernmost of the Channel Islands of California. It is owned and operated by the United States Navy,〔http://www.scisland.org/〕 and is a part of Los Angeles County. Defined by the United States Census Bureau as Block Group 2 of Census Tract 5991 of Los Angeles County, California, it is long and contains of land. The island is officially uninhabited as of 2000 U.S. Census. It is estimated, however, that the number of military and civilian personnel present on the island at any given time is at least 300.〔(Block Group 2, Census Tract 5991, Los Angeles County )〕 The city of San Clemente in Orange County, California is named after the island. ==History== Archeologists have found traces of human occupation on San Clemente Island dating back 10,000 years. Later inhabitants left trade materials from the northern islands and from the mainland, including Coso obsidian from the California desert. It has not been established what tribe the recent inhabitants belonged to, although the Tongva, who are well attested from Santa Catalina Island, are the most likely candidates. The Chumash, who occupied the northern Channel Islands, may have influenced the inhabitants. Evidence of battles; 'the skeletons of dozens of men piled, one upon another' were also noted on San Clemente and San Nicolas. The first European to sight the island was Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo in 1542, who named it ''Victoria''. It was renamed by Spanish explorer Sebastián Vizcaíno, who spotted it on November 23, 1602, Saint Clement's feast day. It was used by ranchers, fishermen, and smugglers during the 19th century and into the 20th century. In 1835, the whaleship ''Elbe'' of Poughkeepsie, New York, under Captain Josiah B. Whippey (or Whipple), hunted sperm whales as far north as "St. Clements Island" (San Clemente Island). The American steamship ''Lansing'', as well as the steam-schooner ''California'', both anchored in Pyramid Cove, on the south side of San Clemente Island, to process blue, fin and humpback whales caught by their "killer boats" (steam-driven whale catchers)—the former between 1926〔''Pacific Fisherman'' (Vol. 24, 1926); ''Science'', Vol. 64 (July 2, 1926 issue); ''Animal Bulletin: New York Zoological Society'', Vols. 29-30, 1926; ''The Federal Reporter'', 1988; ''American Maritime Cases'', (Vol. 2, 1931).〕 and 1930,〔Townsend, Charles Haskens. 1930. "Twentieth Century Whaling". ''Bull. New York Zool. Soc.'', Vol. 33, No. 1; ''California Fish and Game'', ''Fisheries'' (1930); ''Pacific Fisherman'' (Vols. 28-29, 1930-31).〕 and the latter between 1933〔''Pacific Fisherman'' (Vol. 31, 1933).〕 and 1937.〔Nial O'Malley Keyes, ''Blubber Ship'' (1939); Andrew R. Boone, Killer Ships of the Whaling Fleet (''Popular Science'', August 1935); ''Pacific Fisherman'' (Vol. 35, 1937).〕 In 1935, the Norwegian factory ship ''Esperanza'' caught blue whales as far north as San Clemente Island.〔Rice, Dale W. The Blue Whales of the Southeastern North Pacific Ocean (''AFSC Quarterly Report'', 1992).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「San Clemente Island」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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